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Membranes 2020, 10, 198 21 of 21 24. Bunani, S.; Yoshizuka, K.; Nishihama, S.; Arda, M.; Kabay, N. Application of bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED) for simultaneous separation and recovery of boron and lithium from aqueous solutions. Desalination 2017, 424, 37–44. [CrossRef] 25. Chen, Q.B.; Ji, Z.Y.; Liu, J.; Zhao, Y.Y.; Wang, S.Z.; Yuan, J.S. Development of recovering lithium from brines by selective-electrodialysis: Effect of coexisting cations on the migration of lithium. J. Membr. Sci. 2018, 548, 408–420. [CrossRef] 26. Cassady, H.J.; Cimino, E.C.; Kumar, M.; Hickner, M.A. Specific ion effects on the permselectivity of sulfonated poly (ether sulfone) cation exchange membranes. J. Membr. Sci. 2016, 508, 146–152. [CrossRef] 27. Razmjou, A.; Eshaghi, G.; Orooji, Y.; Hosseini, E.; Korayem, A.H.; Mohagheghian, F.; Boroumand, Y.; Noorbakhsh, A.; Asadnia, M.; Chen, V.; et al. Lithium ion-selective membrane with 2D subnanometer channels. Water Res. 2019, 159, 313–323. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 28. Brown, P. Process for the Production of High Purity Lithium Hydroxide. U.S. Patent 4036713, 19 July 1977. 29. Harrison, S.; Blanchet, R. Processes for Preparing Highly Pure Lithium Carbonate and Other Highly Pure Lithium Containing Compounds. EP 2 749 535 A1, 16 October 2012. 30. Buckley, D.; Genders, J.D.; Atherton, D. Method of Making High Purity Lithium Hydroxide and Hydrochloric Acid. U.S. Patent 2011/0044882, 24 February 2011. 31. Seko, M.; Ogawa, S. Process for Electrolysis of Sodium Chloride by Use of Cation Exchange Membrane. U.S. Patent 4209369, 24 June 1980. 32. Wenyuan, Y.; Huang, J.; Jiuyang, L.; Zhang, X.; Jiangnan, S.; Luis, P.; van der Bruggen, B. Environmental evaluation of bipolar membrane electrodialysis for NaOH production from wastewater: Conditioning NaOH as CO2 absorbent. Sep. Purif. Technol. 2015, 144, 206–214. [CrossRef] 33. Xu, T. Review Ion exchange membranes: State of their development and perspective. J. Membr. Sci. 2005, 263, 1–29. [CrossRef] 34. Grágeda, M.; González, A.; Grágeda, M.; Ushak, S. Purification of brines by chemical precipitation and ion-exchange processes for obtaining battery-grade lithium compounds. Int. J. Energy Res. 2018, 42, 2386–2399. [CrossRef] 35. Cifuentes, L.; Grágeda, M.; Crisostomo, G. Electrowinning of copper in two-and three- compartment reactive electrodiálisis cells. Chem. Eng. Sci. 2006, 59, 3623–3631. [CrossRef] 36. Han, J.; Nešic ́, S.; Yang, Y.; Brown, B.N. Spontaneous passivation observations during scale formation on mild steel in CO2 brines. Electrochim. Acta 2011, 56, 5396–5404. [CrossRef] 37. Malis, J.; Mazur, P.; Paidar, M.; Bystron, T.; Bouzek, K. Nafion 117 stability under conditions of PEM water electrolysis at elevated temperature and pressure. Int. J. Hydro. Energy 2016, 41, 2177–2188. [CrossRef] 38. Fontananova, E.; Zhang, W.; Nicotera, I.; Simari, C.; van Baak, W.; di Profio, G.; Curcio, E.; Drioli, E. Probing membrane and interface properties in concentrated electrolyte solutions. J. Membr. Sci. 2014, 459, 177–189. [CrossRef] 39. Dlugolecki, P.; Ogonowski, P.; Metz, S.J.; Saakes, M.; Nijmeijer, K.; Wessling, M. On the resistances of membrane, diffusion boundary layer and double layer in ion exchange membrane transport. J. Membr. Sci. 2010, 349, 369–379. [CrossRef] 40. Zhang, W.; Jun, M.; Panpan, W.; Zhenghui, W.; Fengmei, S.; Huiling, L. Investigations on the interfacial capacitance and the diffusion boundary layer thickness of ion exchange membrane using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. J. Membr. Sci. 2016, 502, 37–47. [CrossRef] 41. Pelaez Abellan, E.; Dennys, F.; Conde, Y.C.; Nuñez, V. Nickel-based cathodic materials for the hydrogen evolution reaction [Spanish]. Rev. CENIC Cienc. Quím. 2009, 40, 73–76. 42. Goosen, M.; Sablani, S.; Al-Maskari, S.; Al-Belushi, R.; Wilf, M. Effect of feed temperature on permeate flux and mass transfer coefficient in spiral-wound reverse osmosis systems. Desalination 2002, 144, 367–372. [CrossRef] 43. Qiang, Z.; Yan-Li, J.; Jia-Kai, W.; Ling-Ling, S.; Quan-Fu, A.; Cong-Jie, G. Polyelectrolyte complex nanofiltration membranes: Performance modulation via casting solution pH. R. Soc. Chem. 2014, 4, 52808–52814. [CrossRef] 44. Sharma, R.R.; Chellam, S. Temperature effects on the morphology of porous thin film composite nanofiltration membranes. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2005, 39, 5022–5030. [CrossRef] © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).PDF Image | Battery Grade Li Hydroxide by Membrane Electrodialysis
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Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine
ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)