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ACS Nano www.acsnano.org Article Figure 4. (a) Plot of plasma power vs in-flight temperature and (b) primary gas flow rate vs in-flight velocity showing linear trend for all sets of gas flow rate and plasma power. (c) Schematic representation of the exfoliation mechanism of graphite. (d) Magnified view of the laminar region of a plasma plume of part c. (e) Magnified verison of the turbulent region. image of graphene (more images in Supporting Information S13) with their corresponding height profiles as well as flake thickness and size histogram. Similar to our TEM observations, almost all the measured flakes were less than 2 nm thick, with the majority of flakes below 1 nm thick providing unambiguous evidence of single layer to few layer graphene. Reports describe that the thickness of a single-layer graphene measured by AFM typically ranges between 0.6 and 1 nm.28,32 A thickness histogram of over 400 arbitrary flakes presented higher selectivity toward single-layer graphene (85%), with 15% bi− trilayers (Figure 2r). Thus, we believe that in our samples, the graphite has been extensively exfoliated to single-layer to few- layer graphene (≤3 layers). The flake size histogram indicates the length of 1−3 μm (Figure 2s), also in agreement with the low magnification SEM image showing many flakes (Figure 2t). The structural integrity of the exfoliated graphene was evaluated using Raman spectroscopy. We collected Raman spectra from what we believe are single-layer, bilayer, and trilayer graphene (Figure 3a). One key feature that https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.0c09451 1779 ACS Nano 2021, 15, 1775−1784PDF Image | Production of High Quality Exfoliated Graphene
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