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8.2. FUTURE WORKS One of the intriguing outcomes of the LPE in organic (NMP and DMF) and TDOC- based aqueous dispersions is the observation of different values for the absorption coefficient (𝛼) of graphene. The value of 𝛼 ranging from 1390 to 6600 mL mg-1 m-1 in various solvents and surfactant-based dispersions was reported in the literature;54, 59, 60, 69, 77 this variation is not clearly understood, and remains an interesting area to study given that graphene dispersions are widely used. Su et al. recently conducted a study on variations of 𝛼 on rGO systems with different lateral dimensions, mean number of layers per flake and functional groups.349 They reported that dispersions containing smaller (lateral dimensions) and less layer per flake had lower 𝛼, attributed to the shrinkage of the 𝜋- conjugated systems. They also reported that the absorption coefficient increases with an increase in the number of functional groups on the flakes due to auxochromic effect. It would be interesting to study the effect of change in lateral dimensions and thickness of flakes of pristine graphene in various solvent media with the value of 𝛼. Sequential centrifugation at different speeds and ultracentrifugation can be employed to produce flakes with different lateral dimensions and thickness, respectively. One of the challenges in achieving higher shift rates (higher strain sensitivity) in epoxy-based graphene composites remains in the homogenous dispersion of FLG in the matrix. Other preparation methods, such as using high speed mixers or three-roll mills can be employed to homogeneously disperse FLG flakes directly into epoxy resin, avoiding the use of a solvent processing step. These methods could also be employed to exfoliate the FLG in situ due to the high shear causing minimal damage to the large lateral dimensions (electrochemically exfoliated FLG). In epoxy composite coatings where pristine FLG is used, the interaction between FLG and epoxy is mainly through vdW interactions, where the interfacial stress transfer is relatively poor. One way to improve the stress transfer is via graphene functionalisation (e.g. amine group functionalisation to use in epoxy matrix). Functionalisation could improve the interfacial adhesion between epoxy and FLG by forming covalent bonds, thereby, enhancing the stress transfer and strain sensitivity. Moreover, functionalisation can ensure homogenous dispersion of FLG in the matrix with less aggregation. However, Chapter 8 – Conclusions and Future Works 239PDF Image | PRODUCTION AND APPLICATIONS OF GRAPHENE AND ITS COMPOSITES
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