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Chapter 7 – Application of Graphene composites: Raman Strain Sensors Table 7-3: Absolute accuracy calculations Reference position - 2646.36 cm-1 (3rd cycle, loading) New positions - 3rd cycle, unloading 2646.19 cm-1 4th cycle, loading 4th cycle, unloading 2645.4 cm-1 2644.59 cm-1 5th cycle, loading 5th cycle, unloading 2644.55 cm-1 2644.52 cm-1 Difference (reference position – new position) - 0.17 0.96 1.77 1.81 1.84 Standard deviation of the differences Absolute accuracy = ± 0.74 standard deviation/ ideal shift rate 0.74/-62= ±0.01% 7.3.3.2. Absolute resolution – Example calculations As explained earlier, absolute resolution could be calculated from the Equation 7.2. The absolute resolution of the spectrometer with the peak fitting software is 0.1 cm-1. The maximum shift obtained is ~ 37 cm-1/% strain for the sequence II (increased strain deformation, after relaxation of pre-strains) which computes to an absolute resolution of ~ ± 27 μ𝜀. This in perspective, if CVD graphene coating was to be used as a large area Raman- based strain sensor, it could measure strains from 0 % up to the interfacial failure with a resolution of 27 μ𝜀 with a strain sensing absolution accuracy of ~ ± 0.01 % strain. 7.3.3.3. Discussion: Strain sensing The calculated values of absolute accuracy and absolute resolution are given in Table 7-4 and it can be observed that, the absolute accuracy and the resolution values change between different deformation sequences. This is due to the deformation behaviour of the graphene during the cyclic deformation. The variation in the absolute accuracy values of MC graphene in sequences I and II could be attributed to the strain hardening behaviour observed in the coatings. Whereas, once the residual strain in the 230PDF Image | PRODUCTION AND APPLICATIONS OF GRAPHENE AND ITS COMPOSITES
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