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Chapter 6 β Production of Few Layer Graphene in Aqueous Media for Biological Studies Figure 6.16: Raman spectra of G/HSA showing few-layer graphene. Representative Raman spectra of G/HSA are shown in Figure 6.16 and Figure 9.11. The shape of the 2D band and πΌ2π·βπΌπΊ ~0.48 indicates FLG, agreeing with previous AFM analysis.48 The presence of Dβ band with πΌπ·βπΌπ·β² ~4.3, with no obvious broadening of FWHM(G) ~21.2 Β± 0.5 and FWHM(D) ~41.3 Β± 2.1 suggests that the basal plane of graphene is relatively defect free, and the D band with πΌπ·βπΌπΊ ~0.5 was mainly due to edge defects.57, 79, 127 However, the contribution of adsorbed HSA to the D band of graphene cannot be fully neglected. Fluorescence spectroscopy is widely used to study the interactions of amino acid fluorophores of proteins (Trp and Tyr) with nanoparticles such as DNA411, graphene quantum dots414 and GO236, 415, 416 and also denaturing of HSA417. It has been demonstrated that graphene-based materials like GO can quench the intrinsic fluorescence of fluorophores like organic dyes418-420, quantum dots421, 422, fluorescent labels423-427, amino acids415 and proteins236, 415, 416 through FoΜrster resonance energy transfer (FRET). The fluorescence quenching is usually due to the interaction of aromatic rings of the fluorophores with the graphene-based materials via non covalent interactions such as electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic and π β π interactions.236, 415, 416, 420, 424-426 Hence, the intrinsic fluorescence of Trp and Tyr of HSA was investigated to obtain information regarding its interaction with FLG. 188PDF Image | PRODUCTION AND APPLICATIONS OF GRAPHENE AND ITS COMPOSITES
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