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Chapter 6 – Production of Few Layer Graphene in Aqueous Media for Biological Studies structures.405 However, such features were not observed on the graphene surface in the AFM images (Figure 6.13, no adsorbed feature > 200 nm). It should also to be noted that for AFM analysis, 50 μl of G/HSA was drop casted on mica by allowing overnight drying, followed by DI water rinsing and N2 drying. Such extensive washing may have washed away the excess HSA molecules and any aggregates, leaving behind only tightly-bound HSA molecules on the hydrophobic graphene surface.408 Figure 6.14: DLS of as-prepared non-sonicated HSA control (a) and sonicated HSA control (b). Concentration of HSA was 5 mg/ml. Arrow shows the expected size of individual HSA molecules. The highlighted region in (b) corresponds to aggregated/denatured HSA. Recent AFM studies on HSA adsorption on HOPG surfaces have shown individual HSA molecules are ellipsoidal in shape with a length of 12.6 nm and width of 6.5 nm.409 Upon careful analysis of a selected area of the AFM phase images (Figure 6.13f,k), several molecules with oblong/ellipsoidal shape (~ 16 × 11 nm) were observed, which could be attributed to individual HSA molecules. The larger dimensions observed were probably due to AFM tip broadening/distortion effect,408, 409 but HSA conformational change upon adsorption may have been a factor. The average height of HSA measured by AFM on hydrophobic substrates is ~2 nm.408, 409 Hence in the present study, assuming HSA is adsorbed on both sides of graphene, the 〈𝑁〉 of G/HSA should be calculated as 6.1 ± 3, confirming FLG production by HSA-assisted exfoliation. 186PDF Image | PRODUCTION AND APPLICATIONS OF GRAPHENE AND ITS COMPOSITES
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