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Chapter 6 – Production of Few Layer Graphene in Aqueous Media for Biological Studies by the salt (Na+ ion)394 resulting in possible detachment of lipid molecules from the graphene surface. These lipid molecules would then tend to form more thermodynamically-stable structures like micelles, lipid lamellae or liposomes (as the most stable in excess water) and aggregating the graphene (schematics in Figure 6.11) with residual lipids on its surface (Figure 6.10f). Re-sonicating the suspension could cause the graphene to be dispersed by these excess lipid molecules in the suspension through weak interactions. Figure 6.11: Change in IPSD with time of high pressure filtered G/EggPC monitored by DLS (left image). Schematics explaining possible mechanisms of lipid detachment and graphene aggregation (right image). 6.5. EXFOLIATION OF FEW LAYER GRAPHENE USING HUMAN SERUM ALBUMIN Human serum albumin (HSA) is the most abundant protein in blood plasma (40- 60% of total protein content) and is one of the widely-studied model proteins.401, 402 HSA contains a single polypeptide chain of 585 amino acid residues (66.5 kDa), including fluorophores: one tryptophan (Trp) and 18 tyrosine (Tyr) residues.401 The subdomains IIa and IIIa of HSA are the hydrophobic domains or ‘pockets’ (Figure 6.12a), which act as primary binding sites for water-insoluble fatty acids, drugs etc.402, 403 The water solubility, the inherent hydrophobic domains and conformational flexibility of HSA make it a good bio-surfactant for stabilisation of graphene. Researchers have also demonstrated direct 182PDF Image | PRODUCTION AND APPLICATIONS OF GRAPHENE AND ITS COMPOSITES
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