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Chapter 6 – Production of Few Layer Graphene in Aqueous Media for Biological Studies Figure 6.9: a) Structure of the predominant species of phosphatidylcholine in egg yolk and cholesterol.399 b) Photographs of G/EggPC as prepared. Aggregation was observed after 7 days, but with shaking and short sonication stable dispersions were regained. c) UV-Vis spectra (diluted in DI water), and d) DLS (10 fold diluted in DI water) of EggPC (control), G/EggPC and G/EggPC-wash dispersions, respectively. UV-Vis spectra of G/EggPC showed a flat and featureless absorption along with lipid absorption. Whereas, upon eliminating excess liposomes by using a washing step (see 4.1.2.5), the concentration of graphene was reduced and surprisingly no lipid absorption was observed (Figure 6.9c). However the absorption around ~269 nm for the G/EggPC-wash did suggest the electronic conjugation within graphene was retained.167 The concentration of graphene in G/EggPC (pH ~6.9) was ~0.13 mg/ml (using Lambert- Beer law, 𝛼 – 1825 mL mg-1 m-1), which is high compared to lecithin-based exfoliation of graphene.224 The concentration of lipids in G/EggPC was determined as ~0.35 mg/ml by the Stewart assay.334 The size of liposomes (EggPC control, without graphene) obtained by sonication as determined by DLS was ~50 nm (PDI – 0.09 ± 0.02), suggesting unusually small unilamellar 179PDF Image | PRODUCTION AND APPLICATIONS OF GRAPHENE AND ITS COMPOSITES
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