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Chapter 5 β Production of Few Layer Graphene in Organic Solvents Same set of dispersions which were analysed by AFM and Raman spectroscopy were examined by DLS. Figure 5.16 show representative IPSD of FLG/NMP dispersions. This type of curve is typical of IPSD and it is characterised by a bell-shaped curve on a relative intensity vs size (nm, logarithmic scale). The distributions are normally characterised by a single peak, however for some samples multi-peak characteristics were also observed. Figure 5.16: Intensity particle size distribution (IPSD) for FLG/NMP. a) At various sonication time, b) At different centrifugation speeds From Figure 5.16, it can be clearly seen that DLS is certainly sensitive to the change in size of graphene flakes despite its non-spherical geometry. As the sonication time increases the πΏπ·πΏπ decreases (e.g., at 2000 rpm, ~350 nm at 24 hrs to ~200 nm at 60 hr), as observed in AFM. Similarly, the πΏπ·πΏπ decreased as the centrifugation decreased (e.g., for 48 hr, ~300 nm at 2000 rpm to ~100 nm at 10000 rpm). These values are similar to the length measured by AFM and Raman spectroscopy. As mentioned earlier, some of the IPSDs were characterised by multi-peak. In the case of 48 hr 2000 rpm sample, a small peak appears at ~50 nm. This might be from smaller flakes that are present in the dispersions as seen in AFM images. When TEM is used for statistical analysis these smaller flakes might escape through the grid during the sample preparation leading to underestimating the size of the flakes.77 One cannot rule out the possible aggregation in AFM when using high boiling solvents as seen in Figure 5.3. A smaller peak appeared at > 3 ΞΌm in some samples. The origin of this peak is unclear, as no such sized graphene sheets 154PDF Image | PRODUCTION AND APPLICATIONS OF GRAPHENE AND ITS COMPOSITES
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