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Chapter 5 – Production of Few Layer Graphene in Organic Solvents lower than the NMP based dispersions, suggesting NMP is better solvent than DMF in terms of exfoliation efficiency.67 5.2.3. Raman spectroscopy characterisation 5.2.3.1. Raman spectroscopy on graphene paper Raman spectroscopy is a fast and non-destructive method for probing the physical and chemical phenomena of graphene. Therefore, it can be used to understand the nature of the graphene flakes produced by sonicated assisted exfoliation. Raman characterisation was carried out on graphene paper prepared by the vacuum filtration procedure described in section 4.1.2.3.1. A 633 nm (He-Ne) laser was used to characterise all the films. For each condition, typically 20 or more spectra were recorded and averaged. Raman spectra of FLG/NMP produced at different conditions are shown in Figure 5.9. A spectrum of starting graphite is shown for comparison. The Raman spectrum of the starting graphite powder contains a single sharp G band at ~1580 cm-1, D band at ~1330 cm-1 and a 2D band at ~2686 cm-1. The presence of D band suggests that the graphite does have small amount of defects. The 2D band is composed of two components; 2D1 at ~2636 cm-1 and 2D2 at ~2689 cm-1 and was fitted by two Lorentzian curves. Figure 5.9 shows representative Raman spectra of the FLG/NMP samples prepared under various conditions. All the solvent exfoliated samples had in common a sharp G band (~1580 cm-1), a considerably pronounced D band at ~1330 cm-1, a broad and symmetric 2D band at ~2660 cm-1 and a shoulder peak D’ at ~1617 cm-1. The D and D’ band are defect related bands which can be probed to understand the nature of defects in the graphene.57 143PDF Image | PRODUCTION AND APPLICATIONS OF GRAPHENE AND ITS COMPOSITES
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