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Figure 4.13: Schematic representation of Raman spectroscopy system The sample was placed on the adjustable microscope stage and the laser beam was focused on the sample surface with a 50à ultra-long working distance objective lens. The diameter of the laser spot was about ~2 Ξm and the laser power on the sample was < 1 mW. The scattered light from the sample was collected in backscatter geometry and passed through the holographic notch filters, which filters out the Rayleigh scattered light. The diffraction grating and triangular mirror separate the scattered Raman lines spatially as a function of wavelength. After this process, a charge coupled device (CCD) camera collects the light. Charges were generated inside the CCD chip due to the scattered photons, which were collected with electrodes. The measured current was proportional to the number of photons detected and in turn to the intensity of scattered light. The intensity of the light was collected as a function of its wavelength (its difference with the incident light wavelength gives the Raman wave number in cm-1), processed and stored on the computer. The spectral resolution of the spectrometer was 1 cm-1 and absolute resolution (e.g., peak shift with respect to a spectrum collected on the same machine and fitted using curve fitting software) was 0.1 cm-1. The spectra were acquired using Wire 1.3 software. The peak positions in the Raman spectra were fitted using a Lorentzian curve as described by: ðž = ðž0 2 Equation 4.8 Chapter 4 â Methods 1+4(ðâðð) âð 127PDF Image | PRODUCTION AND APPLICATIONS OF GRAPHENE AND ITS COMPOSITES
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