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same charged particles leading to stable dispersion. In general, particles with ๐ higher than ยฑ 30 mV in magnitude are considered be stable. Figure 4.12: Schematic representation of zeta potential344 When applying electric current across the dispersion, particles with ๐ move towards opposite charged electrode with an equilibrium velocity (electrophoretic mobility). ๐ values can be derived from the electrophoretic mobility, solvent viscosity, dielectric constant and Smoluchowski theory. Zeta potential values were measured using Zetasizer Nano ZS (Malvern Instruments Limited, UK) by diluting the dispersions up to 10 to 50 fold (typically graphene concentration <0.05 mg/ml). Dispersions were carefully filled without any bubbles in disposable capillary cells (Malvern DTS1061) for zeta potential measurements. Due to these capillary cells incompatibility, zeta potential measurements were not carried out on dispersions with higher than 0.1 v/v% organic solvent content. 4.3.5. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy was used to measure the absorbance behaviour and concentration of graphene produced by various methods as explained in section 4.1.2. Perkin Elmer Lambda 25 and Varian Caryยฎ 5000 UV-Vis spectrophotometers were used for absorbance measurements. Samples were diluted 10 to 50 fold before measurement. Chapter 4 โ Methods 124PDF Image | PRODUCTION AND APPLICATIONS OF GRAPHENE AND ITS COMPOSITES
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