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knowing the sample refractive index and absorbance, Mie theory could be employed to convert intensity distribution to volume distribution or number distribution.341, 342 It has to be noted that the hydrodynamic size data obtained from DLS assumes the particles are of spherical geometry (using Stokes-Einstein equation). Clearly the graphene flakes are not spherical. Hence to compare the size data outputted for the graphene flakes by DLS, lateral dimensions of graphene flakes were independently calculated using AFM and Raman spectroscopy. 4.3.4.2. DLS experimental setup and procedure Zetasizer Nano ZS from Malvern Instruments Limited was used to measure the intensity particle size distribution of graphene dispersions as shown in Figure 4.11.343 Figure 4.11: Schematic representation of the Dynamic light scattering instrument In this DLS system, 633 nm laser acts as a light source to illuminate the sample in the cell. A detector at a backscattering angle (173o) measures the intensity of the scattered light. If the intensity of scattered light is too high, the detector gets saturated. The attenuator installed modifies the intensity of the laser source and hence the intensity of scattered light from the sample. The appropriate attenuator position is automatically determined by the software and hence the graphene dispersions did not need diluting. A correlator acts as a digital signal processer analysing the scattered light intensity signals from the detector. The correlator derives the rate of intensity variations by comparing the Chapter 4 – Methods 122PDF Image | PRODUCTION AND APPLICATIONS OF GRAPHENE AND ITS COMPOSITES
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