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Chapter 3 – Raman Spectroscopy of Graphene and Graphene-based Strain Sensors Accuracy of measured strain is better than 0.01 %, and resolutions up to 0.1 μ𝜀 However, the main disadvantage in using these sensors for a wide-area strain measurement is that, large number of these gauges should be fixed on the sample, leading to significant amount of infrastructure: soldering wires, connections, etc. making it unsuitable for wide-area strain sensing applications. Additionally their susceptibility to electromagnetic interference (noise) makes their usage challenging in many applications. 3.3.2.2. Optical strain sensors 3.3.2.2.1. Fibre optic sensors Fibre optic sensors use the optical fibres as the ‘intrinsic’ sensing element. By modifying the fibre, fibre optic sensors can be used to measure strain, temperature or pressure. The sensitive factors that were followed for measurements in these sensors are; intensity, phase, polarisation, wavelength and transit time of the light in the fibre. Fibre optic sensors have been developed to measure temperature and strain simultaneously with high accuracy by using Fibre Bragg grating (FBG).325 A FBG is a distributed Bragg reflector in an optical fibre (Figure 3.16a). In FBG sensor, the refractive index of the core of the optical fibre changes radically along short lengths. When a white light with many wavelengths passes through a FBG, one particular wavelength is in-plane with the grating period (Bragg wavelength), which is reflected back to the input end of the fibre leaving all other wavelengths to transmit to other end (Figure 3.16b).325, 326 Figure 3.16: Schematic representation of (a) An FBG optical fibre and (b) Operation of FBG optical sensor326 The reflected Bragg wavelength is sensitive to strain and temperature showing shift in the wavelength. The sensors sensitivity to strain and temperature makes this system complex when proper strain measurements are needed. An independent FBG 98PDF Image | PRODUCTION AND APPLICATIONS OF GRAPHENE AND ITS COMPOSITES
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