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76 Graphene – Synthesis, Characterization, Properties and Applications 5. Conclusion We have presented the known facts about graphene and shown the identification methods by Raman spectroscopy and TEM. We have also presented a review of the most recent efforts to move away from the Scotch tape techniques (first discovered by Geim and Novoselov in 2004) to large scale routes towards the synthesis of graphene. We have shown how graphene and graphene-like layers are produced in laser solution photolysis of organo-metallic solutions and how both the inorganic fullerenes and graphene layers are produced and interact with each other. A mechanism for the wrapping of such particles by a graphene sheet is also discussed. 6. References [1] Peierls, R. E. Quelques proprietes typiques des corpses solides. Ann. I. H. Poincare 5, 177- 222 (1935). [2] Landau, L. D. Zur Theorie der phasenumwandlungen II. Phys. Z. Sowjetunion, 11, 26-35 (1937). [3] Mermin, N. D. Crystalline order in two dimensions. Phys. Rev. 176, 250-254 (1968) [4] Novoselov, K. S. et al. Two-dimensional atomic crystals. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 102, 10451-10453 (2005) [5] Novoselov, K. S. et al. Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films. Science 306, 666-669 (2004). [6] Novoselov, K. S. et al. Two-dimensional gas of massless Dirac fermions in graphene. Nature 438, 197-200 (2005). [7] A. C. Ferrari,1,* J. C. Meyer,2 V. Scardaci,1 C. Casiraghi,1 M. Lazzeri,3 F. Mauri,3 S. Piscanec,1 D. Jiang,4, K. S. Novoselov,4 S. Roth,2 and A. K. Geim4, Raman Spectrum of Graphene and Graphene Layers, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 187401 (2006) [8] Dervishi, E., Li, Z., Shyaka, J., Watanabe, F., Biswas, A., Umwungeri, J.L., Courte, A., Biris, A.S., The role of hydrocarbon concentration on the synthesis of large area few to multi-layer graphene structures, Chemical Physics Letters 501 (4-6), 390-395 (2011) [9] Ago, H., Ito, Y., Mizuta, N., Yoshida, K., Hu, B., Orofeo, C.M., Tsuji, M., Mizuno, S., Epitaxial chemical vapor deposition growth of single-layer graphene over cobalt film crystallized on sapphire, ACS Nano 4 (12), 7407-7414 (2010) [10] Park, H.J., Skákalová, V., Meyer, J., Lee, D.S., Iwasaki, T., Bumby, C., Kaiser, U., Roth, S., Growth and properties of chemically modified grapheme, Physica Status Solidi (B) Basic Research 247 (11-12), pp. 2915-2919 (2010) [11] Dervishi, E., Li, Z., Shyaka, J., Watanabe, F., Biswas, A., Umwungeri, J.L., Courte, A., Biris, A.S., Large area graphene sheets synthesized on a bi-metallic catalyst system, Nanotechnology 2010: Advanced Materials, CNTs, Particles, Films and Composites - Technical Proceedings of the 2010 NSTI Nanotechnology Conference and Expo, NSTI-Nanotech 2010 1, 234-237 (2010) [12] Lee, B.-J., Yu, H.-Y., Jeong, G.-H., Controlled synthesis of monolayer graphene toward transparent flexible conductive film application, Nanoscale Research Letters 5 (11), 1768-1773 (2010) [13] Xu, Z., Li, H., Cao, G., Cao, Z., Zhang, Q., Li, K., Hou, X., (...), Cao, W. Synthesis of hybrid graphene carbon-coated nanocatalysts, Journal of Materials Chemistry 20 (38), pp. 8230-8232 (2010)PDF Image | GRAPHENE SYNTHESIS CHARACTERIZATION PROPERTIES
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