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32 Graphene – Synthesis, Characterization, Properties and Applications Fig. 10. Tilted-view SEM images of samples after two-step growth on Si substrates. The pretreatment step consisted of irradiation with (a) energetic Ar+ ions at 200 eV (Ar+) (b) CF3 radicals (CF3), (c) H radicals (H), (d) Ar+ + CF3, (e) Ar+ + H, (f) CF3 + H, and (g) Ar+ + CF3 + H. The conditions for the second step (CNW growth) were constant for all samples. 2.4.2 Dependence of CNW growth on energy and flux of ions Figure 11 shows a chart of Ar+ ion irradiation and the effect on CNW growth in terms of fluxes ranging from 1.8 to 5.4 μA/cm2 and energies ranging from 160 to 250 eV. The variation in morphology is classified in three areas in the chart; CNW formation, continuous film formation, and no deposition, as indicated in Fig. 10 by dark gray, light gray and white backgrounds, respectively. In this figure, heights (h) of grown films are also indicated. At anPDF Image | GRAPHENE SYNTHESIS CHARACTERIZATION PROPERTIES
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