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Chapter 11 Characterization of Graphene Produced by Electrolysis in Aqueous Electrolytes Aleksandar Petrovski, Aleksandar Dimitrov, Anita Grozdanov, Beti Andonovic ́, and Perica Paunovic ́ Abstract This work is concerned with the production of graphene using electrolysis in aqueous electrolytes with a reverse change of the potential. As electrodes and precursors for the graphene production highly oriented graphite was used. The electrolytes used were: H2SO4 (pH 1⁄4 0.5); H2SO4 + KOH (pH 1⁄4 1.2) and H2SO4 + NaOH (pH 1⁄4 1.2). The produced graphene samples were characterized by means of scanning and transmission electron microscope (SEM and TEM) and Raman spectroscopy. The size of the crystallites and the number of layers of the studied graphene samples was determined. It was found that by the proposed electrochemical method graphene with few layers only can be produced. Keywords Graphene • Graphene layers • Crystallite size • Electrolysis • Reverse voltage 11.1 Introduction Graphene is the last discovered graphitic material consisting of sp2-bonded carbon atoms packed into a two-dimensional (2D) honeycomb lattice [1]. It exhibits superior physical properties such as electrical conductivity, mechanical character- istics, elasticity, thermal conductivity, optical transparency and a high specific surface area (2,630 m2 · g1) [2, 3] as well as environmental stability. Therefore, graphene can be used in electronics for the fabrication of transistors or integrated circuits, computer chips, in optoelectronics for light-emitting devices (LED), as sensor in various fields such as medicine, photo-detection, environmental monitor- ing etc., as photocatalyst in solar cells, as electrochemical supercapacitors, and in biomedicine and biotechnology, etc. [3–5]. The short history of graphene includes an intensive research and numerous publications focused on the study of its structure and properties, the development A. Petrovski (*) • A. Dimitrov • A. Grozdanov • B. Andonovic ́ • P. Paunovic ́ Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University “Ss Cyril and Methodius”, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia e-mail: aleksandar_mec69@yahoo.com © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2015 103 P. Petkov et al. (eds.), Nanoscience Advances in CBRN Agents Detection, Information and Energy Security, NATO Science for Peace and Security Series A: Chemistry and Biology, DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-9697-2_11 pericap@tmf.ukim.edu.mkPDF Image | Graphene Produced by Electrolysis
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