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International Conference PhysicA.SPb/2021 IOP Publishing Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2103 (2021) 012103 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2103/1/012103 Investigation of electrolysis-related modification of graphene films in biosensors I A Eliseyev1, A S Usikov2,3, S P Lebedev1, A D Roenkov3, M V Puzyk4, Yu M Makarov2, E V Gushchina1, G A Oganesyan1, A A Voronina5, E I Shabunina1, N M Shmidt1 1 Ioffe Institute, 26 Politekhnicheskaya, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia 2Nitride Crystals Inc., 9702 Gayton Road, Suite 320, Richmond, VA 23238, USA 3Nitride Crystals Group, 27 Engelsa pr., 194156 St. Petersburg, Russia 4Herzen University, 48 Moika emb., 191186 St. Petersburg, Russia 5Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University "LETI", 5 Professora Popova, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia E-mail: zoid95@yandex.ru Abstract. In this work, the modification of the surface parameters of graphene chips after electrolysis treatment in a NaClO4 aqueous solution has been studied. Two electrolysis modes have been analysed. In the first one, a negative potential (-0.2 V) is applied to the graphene chips, while in the second one the potential is positive (0.8 V). Investigation using a number of techniques including atomic force microscopy, Kelvin probe force microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, measurements of current-voltage characteristics and low-frequency noise has shown that the electrolysis mode with application of a positive potential on graphene chips decreases the 1/f noise and allows one to obtain a uniform surface potential distribution while leaving the graphene structure undamaged. The results of this study help to understand the efficiency and reproducibility of the procedure for electrolysis treatment of graphene chips. 1. Introduction Graphene is a promising material for creating biosensors capable of diagnosing extremely low concentrations of biomolecules associated with various socially significant diseases at their early stages, including HIV, hepatitis, cancer, influenza, and COVID-19. Graphene films are known to be able to adsorb various molecules and biological agents on the surface [1]. Experiments recently carried out at the Smorodintsev Institute of Influenza have shown that the biosensors based on graphene films grown at the Ioffe Institute allow the detection of orders of magnitude lower concentrations of influenza viruses in comparison with traditional methods of enzyme immunosorbent assay [2]. Selective sensitivity of graphene films is achieved by special processing creating additional covalent bonds that provide chemical reactions with detected biomolecules. The fabrication of graphene-based biosensors usually includes a number of preparatory stages: surface potential modification, functionalization (attachment of the phenylamine group), and immobilization (attachment of antibodies related to antigens). Each stage has an influence on the sensitivity of biosensors. At the first stage, it is necessary to ensure a uniform distribution of the surface potential across the sample, which enables one to achieve Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd 1PDF Image | electrolysis-related modification of graphene films
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