Lithium-Sulfur Battery: Design, Characterization, and Physically-based Modeling

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Lithium-Sulfur Battery: Design, Characterization, and Physically-based Modeling ( lithium-sulfur-battery-design-characterization-and-physicall )

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6 Conclusions and outlook 6.1 Summary of achievements This work contributes to the field of Li/S battery research in two respects: First, the understanding of the electrochemistry of Li/S cells was improved by analyzing the system with the assistance of a physically-based electrochemical model. Second, a novel cathode material, carbon-coated Li2S, has been demonstrated to work well in Li/S batteries. In the following, the achievements and major results of this work are summarized chapter by chapter. In the introduction, the recent history of electrochemical energy storage was laid out, culminating in the ultimate motivation for this study – the need for better batter- ies. Furthermore, general features of the Li/S battery were presented and remaining challenges, which still prevent the widespread use of this promising electrochemical system were addressed. Chapter 1 closed with an overview of this work, defining the scope and goals for both the experimental and theoretical parts. Materials and methods of the experimental work were described in chapter 2. Fol- lowing an overview of the literature on Li2S based electrodes, the material and elec- trode design was presented together with a detailed discussion of the goals and a summary of the processing steps. A special emphasis was on the preparation and analysis of the active material, carbon-coated Li2S particles. The active material was prepared by ball-milling Li2S powder and applying a carbon coating by CVD in a custom-designed tube furnace. Since Li2S is very reactive with trace water as well as oxygen, a protective atmosphere was required during the entire preparation. Next, the other components of the cell were described, including the lithium counter electrode, the polypropylene separator, the ionic liquid based electrolyte with additives as well as the additional components of the positive electrode. The latter include the binder SBR and various forms of carbon, enhancing the specific surface area and conductiv- ity. Also, the preparation of porous electrodes and the assembly of coin cells were illustrated. The second part of chapter 2 elaborated on the characterization of the materials, electrodes, and cells. A sound characterization could only be achieved combining different techniques such as electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), spectroscopy (EDX, 137

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