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Index 435 specific heat around ferromagnetic transition, EuO, 294–295, 295f critical quasiparticles, 318 critique of Hertz-Millis and the Kondo effect, 316–317 Fermi liquid (FL) theory, 293 Hertz-Millis (HM) theories, itinerant magnets antiferromagnetism (AFM), 302 cerium-based compounds, 302 Gr€uneisen ratio, 303, 303f non-Fermi liquid (NFL) behavior, 302 quantum critical wedge, 301 renormalization group theory, 300–301 spin-density wave (SDW), 300 superconducting dome, 303 Kondo breakdown, 317 Li(HoY)F4 ac-susceptibility, 305–306 divergence, ac magnetic susceptibility, 304, 304f experimental phase diagram, 305, 305f Ising criticality, 306–307 nonlinear ac-susceptibility, 305f, 306–307 SG phase transition, 305 low-dimensional spin insulators, 327 non-Fermi liquid (NFL) behavior, 318–319 quantum critical theory definition, critical exponents, 295–296, 296t Ising model, 297–298 Landau mean field theory, 298 quantum phase transition, 297, 298f transverse field Ising model, 299 upper critical dimension, 299 quantum spin liquids, 328 two-dimensional electron gas, 328 two-dimensional physics, 317–318 two-dimensional superconducting Josephson-junction arrays, 329 URu2Si2, hidden order (HO) material 3D phase diagram, 325–327, 326f high magnetic-field phase diagram, 325–327, 326f YbRh2Si2 ac-susceptibility, 312–314, 313f Curie–Weiss (C–W) behavior, 312–314 Gr€uneisen ratio, 315 Hall effect, 314 inelastic neutron scattering (INS), 315 non-Fermi liquid (NFL) behavior, 311 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) study, resistivity measurements, 311–312, 312f zero temperature, 293–294 Quantum spin liquids, 328 Quasi-one-dimensional systems, 327 R Rare earth-doped phosphors, LEDs. See Light- emitting diodes (LEDs) Rare earth elements (REEs) abundance, 132 alkaline rocks vs. carbonatites, 264 apatite deposits actinide crystal chemistry, 230–244, 236–237t, 239–243t distribution map, 228, 229f phosphate rock, 228 phosphoric acid, 228–230 structural tolerance, 230 wet process, 228–230 applications and mining history FCC catalysts, 133 HREEs, 134–135 industrial, 132, 133t neodymium–iron–boron (NdFeB) magnet, 134 production amount, 132–133, 134f bauxite deposits, 201–202 carbonatite deposits Bayan Obo deposit, 192–193, 194f Maoniuping carbonatite, 194 mineralization stages, 194 minerals, 187–192 Mount Weld carbonatite, 195, 195f orebodies, 192–193 reserves, ore grades, and mineralogy, 192, 193t classification, 131–132 geochemistry bulk silicic earth, 138 continental rift zone, 149–153 crust, 142–143 magmatic crystallization and enrichment, 153–156 mantle, 138–142 mineral–melt partition coefficients, 136–138 partitioning to fluids, 156–161 subduction zones, 143–149 transportation and deposition, 161–165 weathering, 165–167 315 hydrothermal vein deposits, 198PDF Image | HANDBOOK ON THE PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF RARE EARTHS
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