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Lanthanides in Luminescent Thermometry Chapter 281 395 FIG. 25 Temperature pseudocolor map of an FR-4 wire-board covered by a molecular thermom- eter embedded into a diureasil organic–inorganic hybrid film. The emission of the film (excited at 365 nm) is used to map the temperature along the directions xx and yy. 5.3 Metal-Organic Frameworks As pointed out earlier, Ln3+ ions and ligands can be arranged in MOFs that are also useful in luminescence thermometry. The working mechanism is sim- ilar to molecular thermometers but the ligands are carboxylic acids instead of ketonates, however they are crystals instead of molecules and they must be processed in a very different way. An extensive account on the processability of MOFs can be found in Falcaro et al. (2014). Their high advantage with respect to molecular thermometers is that ordered structure confers them a highly reproducible response. They are usually prepared by solvothermal (Cui et al., 2012) synthesis, although reverse micelles (Cadiau et al., 2013) and spray-drying methods (Wang et al., 2015c) have also been used. Cui et al. (2012) and Cadiau et al. (2013) were the first to build self- referencing thermometers using MOFs and nano-MOFs, respectively. Cui et al. used dmbdc ligands and Eu3+ and Tb3+ ions mixed in a 7:1000 ratio. The thermometric crystals had micrometer size, a working temperature range of 10–300 K, and a constant Sa 1⁄4 0.38% K1 (corresponding to Sm 1⁄4 1.15% K1 at 200K), can be computed from the published data. The working range of MOFs-based thermometers was increased (300–320 K) to reachPDF Image | HANDBOOK ON THE PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF RARE EARTHS
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