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Quantum Critical Matter and Phase Transitions Chapter Tuning by pressure 280 321 Elevation ≈ Tm Sea level Superconducting matrix Magnetic “islands” Cd impurity Cd impurity or composition Critical point x FIG. 15 an incommensurate spiral magnetic structure with 0.26mB Ce-moments (Bao et al., 2000). Under pressure TN slowly decreases, however, above 1.5 GPa CeRhIn5 becomes superconducting with TcS 1⁄4 1:9 K. There exists seemingly a bulk heavy-fermion antiferromagnet to SC crossover (Hegger et al., 2000). Fig. 16 exhibits the resistivity as a function of temperature at different pressures, the dr/dT maxima denote the magnetic transition temperature TN and r1⁄40 at T1⁄42 K signals the SC state. Unfortunately, unknown anomalies also exist within the temperature–pressure phase diagram, yet the AFM vanishes at a certain pressure Pc11⁄41.77GPa when the Ne`el temperature equals the superconducting critical temperature, TN 1⁄4 TcS. Below Pc1 there seems a small region of coexistence. Magnetic field tuning can be combined with pressure tuning, for such systems the specific heat C/T was measured as a function of T, P, and H (Park et al., 2006). The resulting 3D phase diagram is shown in Fig. 17. If we take the T1⁄40.65 K plane to approximate T1⁄40, the data points lying in this plane represent the proposed QCP’s. With increasing H and P a line of QCP’s separates the antiferromagnetic phase (MO) from a region of coex- isting MO and SC. At H1⁄40 a QCP is formed at Pc1. Additional C/T(T, P) measurements were carried out by Knebel et al. (2006) that showed an inhomogeneous SC/AFM state followed, at a higher pressure, by pure SC. With increased H and P a second “tetracritical” quan- tum point is reached at Pc21⁄42.25GPa. However, there are little or no Cartoon of the Cd doping effect on CeCo5, model of Seo et al. (2014). Upper left: The AFM state (green (light gray in the print version)) lies favorable above the SC (sea-level) state. Upper right: By tuning the pressure or composition a QCP can be created by reducing the AFM state below the SC state. Lower left: Cd doping produces magnetic islands with in the SC matrix. Lower right: If the magnetic correlation length exceeds the distance between islands, long-range AFM occurs via percolation. Cartoon according to Grosche, F.M., 2014. Quantum phase transitions: magnetic islands. Nat. Phys. 10 (2), 94-95.PDF Image | HANDBOOK ON THE PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF RARE EARTHS
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