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220 Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths Hill Basin A zone B zone C zone D zone E zone Surface soil Organic matter rich Strongly weathered Clay-rich Moderately weathered Clay-rich Potentially ore body Weakly weathered Basement rock FIG. 42 Schematic model of ion-adsorption ore bodies in southern China. Modified after Yang, Y.Q., Hu, Z.S., Luo, Z.M., 1981. Geological characteristics of mineralization of rare earth deposits of the ion-adsorption type and their prospecting direction. Bull. Inst. Miner. Depos. Chin. Acad. Geol. Sci. 2, 102–118 (in Chinese with English abstract); Zhang, Z.H., 1990. A study on weathering crust ion adsorption type REE deposit, South China. Contrib. Geol. Miner. Resour. Res. 5, 57–71 (in Chinese with English abstract); Wu, C.Y., Huang, D.H., Guo, Z.G., 1990. REE geochemistry in the weathered crust of granites, Longnan area, Jiangxi Province. Acta Geol. Sin. 3, 193–210. 2005, 2012; Pan, 2011; Song and Shen, 1986; Tong, 2013; Wu et al., 1990, 1993a,b, 1996; Yang, 1987; Yang et al., 1981; Zhang, 1990). The REE con- tents of parent rocks range generally from 130 to 810 ppm (Bao and Zhao, 2008; Chen, 2013; Hua et al., 2007; Huang, 1989; Huang et al., 1989; Ishihara et al., 2008; Li and Shen, 2013; Luo, 2011; Ma et al., 1991; Pan, 2011; Wu et al., 1993b; Yang et al., 1999), and the higher REE contents are found in LREE-rich alkaline rocks (Bao and Zhao, 2008; Hua et al., 2007; Huang, et al., 1989). REE grades of ion-adsorption ores range widely from 140 up to 6500 ppm (Bao and Zhao, 2008; Chen, 2013; Hua et al., 2007; Li and Li, 2010; Li and Shen, 2013; Murakami and Ishihara, 2008; Pan, 2011; Tong, 2013; Wu et al., 1990; Yang and Xiao, 2011; Yang et al., 1981, 1999; Zhang, 1990), and they are up to 6 times of the REE contents of parent granites (Bao and Zhao, 2008; Huang et al., 1989; Wu et al., 1990; Yang and Xiao, 2011). The LREE/HREE ratios of the ion-adsorption deposits are variable from HREE-rich deposits (eg, Longnan) to LREE-rich deposits (eg, Heling) (Zhu, 1999). The LREE/HREE ratios of ion-adsorption ores con- strained by those of parent granites, ie, HREE-rich ores are derived from HREE-enriched (low LREE/HREE ratio) parent granites. The REE-enriched zone is typically below the REE-depleted zone (Wu et al., 1990; Yang et al., 1981; Zhang, 1990) because soil water dissolving REE3+ ions move downward in a weathering profile. In some weathering pro- files (Fig. 40B and C), the REE-enriched zone is found near the surface above the REE-depleted zone because the weathered granite is more or less eroded. Degree of weatheringPDF Image | HANDBOOK ON THE PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF RARE EARTHS
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