HANDBOOK ON THE PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF RARE EARTHS

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HANDBOOK ON THE PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF RARE EARTHS ( handbook-onphysics-and-chemistry-rare-earths )

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REE Mineralogy and Resources Chapter 279 193 TABLE 11 Reserves, Ore Grades, and Mineralogy of Some Carbonatite Deposits Deposit Tonnage Ore Grade HREEs Main Type Name (Mt) (REO) % % Mineralogy Carbonate Mountain Pass 13.6 8.24 0.3 rich (United States) Dong Pao N.A. 5.2 1.0 (Vietnam) Kizilcao€ren N.A. 3.7 1.4 (Turkey) Bear Lodge 57.9 2.7 2.1 (United States) Bastnäsite-(Ce) Bastnäsite-(Ce) Bastnäsite-(Ce) Bastnäsite-(Ce) Phosphate Glenover rich (South Africa) 10.4 2.1 4.0 Apatite Zandkopsdrift (South Africa) Yen Phu (Vietnam) Lofdal (Namibia) N.A. 0.78 39.0 1.7 0.59 80.2 Xenotime-(Y) Xenotime-(Y) 42.5 2.2 5.8 Florencite, gorceixite, goyazite from apatite Mount Weld (Australia) 14.9 9.7 7.5 Florencite, gorceixite, goyazite from apatite Tonnage and ore grade data from TMR Advanced Rare Earth Project Index (http://www.techmetalsresearch.com). (magnetite–ferroan dolomite–monazite), Stage 2 (magnetite–monazite–apatite– bastnäsite), Stage 3 (magnetite–monazite–apatite–bastnäsite aegirine–calcite– fluorite), Stage 4 (fluorite–amphibole–phlogopite–parisite), and Stage 5 (biotite–barite–huanghoite–sulfides). They interpret that the Bayan Obo miner- alization started by metasomatism (Stages 1 and 2) which was caused by infiltration of carbonatitic melts or fluids into host dolomite at around 1.3 Ga, followed by several stages of metamorphism and deformation with remobiliza- tion of REEs (Stages 3–5) culminating in 400–430 Ma. Williams-Jones et al. (2012) explained that the main mechanism of the REE precipitation at Bayan Obo was sharp increase of pH and HCO3 activity by the reaction of the hydro- thermal fluids with host dolomite.

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