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·~ . ..· ;., ·:i .:',. I· .,• .....:.·,. •• . ' , ~e. • ...... '"' ..... I. Introduction: 'r·.«<" In a world which is dominated by·plastics, and high strength and high temperature materials it is easy to forget that sulphur, in the form of sulphuric acid, is still the workhorse of the chemicai industry: In the year 1965 the worl-d production of elemental sulphur was.estimated (1)· to be 21 million long tons, with the ~nited States contributing 8.3 million tons, Canada 1. 8, Mexico 1. 7, and France 1. 5. It is estimated that 85% of this sulphur is used in the ma.nufacture of sulphuric acid. About one-· third of all sulphuric acid is used for the manufacture of fertilizers (2);. considerable quantities go into the manufacture of petrochemicals, inor- ganic pigments, steel, alcohols, man-made fibres, detergents and in almost all branches of chemical industry. Elemental sulphur is one of the classic chemicals, known and used since antiquity, purified in large-quantities (for gunpowder) since the fifteenth century, and burnt in "lead-houses" into sulphuric acid in ton- :quantities since about 1750. Even some of the newly studied applications, ·such as its use as cement, have been in the literature for over two .: thousand years; and it was already known around thir~een hundred that sulphur reacts easily with almOst all metals, except gold (3). The two major production and recovery processes for the element, .the Frasch process (1902) and the Claus process (1894) were developed almost at the same time and made the volcanic sulphur of Sicily expendable• .... ' ..: Today somewhat more than half of the _world production comes from elemental deposits, about one third from .smelter gases and most:of·:the:.rest.is·:·.~:::. recovered'.from pyrites. (4). '.· t. ':~ : .. ·.. ·'PDF Image | ELEMENTAL SULPHUR
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