TURBINE BASED ZERO EMISSIONS PLANTS

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Clean Energy Systems, Inc. DOE Turbine Handbook
1.3 TURBINE - BASED ZERO EMISSIONS
PLANTS
1.3.1 Oxy-Fuel
1.3.1.2 Clean Energy Systems
1.3.1.2.1 Introduction
Clean Energy Systems, Inc. (CES) of Sacramento, CA
and DOE’s National Energy Technology Laboratories
(NETL) have developed and demonstrated unique
technologies that will enable construction and operation
of efficient zero-emission power plants (ZEPP). The
enabling technologies are an oxy-fueled combustor
developed under a DOE/NETL Vision 21 program, an
oxy-fueled reheater (RH) designed by NETL and tested
at a NASA test facility, and oxy-syngas combustor being
developed under a DOE/NETL program. The CES
process involves burning high purity oxygen with a
hydrocarbon fuel, e.g., natural gas (NG), coal syngas,
gasified biomass, etc., in the presence of water to
generate a high pressure, high temperature gas
comprising approximately 90 % steam, 10 % carbon
dioxide (CO2), and a small amount of oxygen (O2). This
gas is used to drive steam turbo-generators. CES power
plants use cryogenic air separation units (ASU) to
provide oxygen. These ASU plants can be made more
efficient by the use of axial-flow-type compressors,
typical of those found in gas turbines. This section
discusses the integration of oxy-fueled combustors and
reheaters with steam and gas turbines, gas turbine air
compressors, a steam/CO2 condenser, and CO2
compressors/intercoolers. The resulting integrated
ZEPPs produces power; generate high quality water, and
conditioned CO2, ready for beneficial uses or
sequestration. Key issues include ASU/gas turbine
compressor flow matching, gas turbine blade cooling
using steam rather than air, turbine material
compatibility, and gas turbine temperature differences
between steam/CO2 and air combustion. Various CES-
type ZEPP concepts are illustrated and their performance
characteristics defined for a range of operating
conditions that are achievable with present day steam
and gas turbines.